The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.